This review has been submitted to Review in History.
Author:
Andrew Lownie
ISBN:
978-1- 250-10099-3
Publisher:
Raincoast
Year:
2015
Hardcover
Pages: 433
Photos/
Maps: 60/0
Few spy
scandals have rocked the Western World like the notorious Cambridge Spy Scandal
of the 1950’s. This book focuses on perhaps the best known of this group: Guy
Burgess, his life, education, personality, motivations and the heady academic
and political cauldron of the 1930’s, 40’s and 50’s UK.
The first
thing that strikes the reader about this book is the degree to which the
privileged society that was Burgess’ social circle both protected and tolerated
behaviour that would have been completely unacceptable elsewhere. Burgess and
many of his peers were open and flagrant homosexuals which was not tolerated
nor legal in the UK during this period. Lownie masterfully, traces the
development of Burgess’s personality through his school years and evaluates
those individuals and circumstances that heavily influenced his outlook. His
evaluation of Burgess’ behaviours reveals an individual of contradictions;
self-absorption paired with restless brilliance and a complete domination of
the id, while, concurrently, displaying a high level of loyalty to his inner circle
of friends.
The
book is also a fascinating study of British society and the role of connections,
schools and economic well-being in garnering position and influence. Thus it
was that, despite numerous questionable social traits and work results, Burgess’s
connections and the loyalty of his school and work alumni to ‘one of their own’
enabled him access to the highest levels of foreign office employment and, by
extension, correspondence. It was beyond the pale that anyone with breeding
would betray the club. Thus it was that he was protected and shielded regardless
of what became a pattern of increasingly erratic and questionable behaviour.
Indeed, such was the level of institutional blindness amongst the British
Foreign Office that he was actually posted to the US embassy where, although
not provided a meaningful job (he was too much of a loose cannon for that) he
still retained access to the highest levels of sensitive official papers and
correspondence.
Another
intriguing aspect to Lownie’s study is the level of loyalty that Burgess and
his closest confidants held for each other. This allegiance transcended
national affiliations and their mutual support and views served to strengthen
their desire to undermine the strength of the corrupt West. Interestingly,
while their efforts focused on the passage of information to the Soviets, for
Burgess, this loyalty did not extend to an acceptance of the greatness of the
Soviet Union, but a belief that British communism would prove superior to the
Russian.
Burgess
continued to be a study of contrasts throughout his life. Thus it was that
there are continued references to his slovenly appearance and lack of personal
hygiene amongst his friends and co-workers, while, concurrently, his insistence
at wearing an Old Etonian tie at all times. It would appear from Lownie’s
evaluation that Burgess was a deeply troubled personality, continuously seeking
the next thrill while studiously avoiding the responsibilities of maturity and
age. He constantly sought to be the centre of attention yet engaged in
self-destructive and self-absorbed conduct. His drinking was legendary as was
his flamboyant and reckless behaviour and yet he yearned for the company of
others all the while alienating them with his conduct.
As Lownie
describes, literally thousands of cables and messages were passed over to the
Soviets during Burgess’s lifetime; so many that they were too numerous to
decipher in total. Such was the flow of information that the Soviets suspected
Burgess of being a double agent as they could not believe that the quantity and
quality of the information that he was providing could be done without the
knowledge of the British counter-intelligence people.
No comments:
Post a Comment