The Planning and Preparations for the Battle of Kursk Vol 1 - Valeriy Zamulin (translated by Stuart Britton)

This review has been submitted to the Canadian Army Journal 

Title: The Planning and Preparations for the Battle of Kursk Vol 1
Author: Valeriy Zamulin (translated by Stuart Britton)
ISBN: 978-1-914059-22-3
Publisher: Helion and Company
Year: 2021
Softcover
Pages: 565
Photographs/maps: 36/7

Valeriy Zamulin's "The Planning and Preparations for the Battle of Kursk Vol 1" is a remarkable addition to the extensive literature on World War II. This meticulously researched and expertly crafted volume offers a comprehensive exploration of the planning and preparations that led up to one of the most pivotal battles in history, the Battle of Kursk.

Zamulin, a renowned Russian military historian, brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to this project. He draws from an impressive array of primary sources, including German and Soviet archival materials, personal diaries, and interviews with veterans who participated in the battle. This exhaustive research allows him to present a multifaceted and nuanced perspective on the events leading up to the Battle of Kursk.

The book is organized into a clear and logical structure, which aids readers in navigating the complex historical context. Zamulin begins by setting the stage, describing the strategic situation on the Eastern Front in 1943. He highlights the German defeat at Stalingrad and the subsequent Soviet offensive, which put the Red Army on the offensive for the first time in the war. The first half of the book is focussed upon the German preparations, while the second concentrates on the Russian efforts. Each covers the same time period leading up to the Battle itself.

One of the strengths of Zamulin's work is his attention to detail. He meticulously examines the decisions made by both the German High Command, led by Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, and the Soviet High Command, headed by Marshal Georgy Zhukov. He dissects the strategic and tactical considerations that influenced their planning, providing readers with a deep understanding of the thought processes behind these critical decisions. Another stellar element of the book is its comprehensive exploration of the how, (relating to the methodologies), the adversaries planned their offense/defence.

Zamulin's analysis of the German preparations for the battle is particularly illuminating. He delves into the logistical challenges faced by the Wehrmacht, including shortages of tanks, fuel, and experienced personnel. This detailed examination challenges the traditional narrative that the Germans were on the brink of victory and reveals the vulnerabilities and limitations of the German war machine.

Equally important is Zamulin's exploration of the Soviet side of the equation. He sheds light on the extensive preparations undertaken by the Red Army, including the construction of elaborate defensive fortifications and the assembly of a formidable armored force. Zamulin's research dispels the myth that the Soviets relied solely on numerical superiority, demonstrating the sophistication of their planning and the effectiveness of their defensive measures.

One of the book's standout features is its focus on the human aspect of warfare. Zamulin weaves personal stories and firsthand accounts into his narrative, allowing readers to connect with the individuals who lived through this tumultuous period. These personal insights humanize the conflict, making it more relatable and emotionally resonant.

Furthermore, Zamulin's writing style is engaging and accessible. He avoids unnecessary jargon and provides clear explanations of military terminology and concepts. This approach makes the book accessible to both military history enthusiasts and general readers with an interest in World War II.

While Zamulin's research is comprehensive, it is worth noting that "The Planning and Preparations for the Battle of Kursk Vol 1" is just the first volume in a series. As such, the book primarily covers the period leading up to the battle and the initial stages of the conflict. Readers seeking a detailed analysis of the battle itself may need to turn to subsequent volumes in the series.

In conclusion, Valeriy Zamulin's "The Planning and Preparations for the Battle of Kursk Vol 1" is a masterful work of military history that offers a deep and nuanced examination of the events leading up to the Battle of Kursk. Zamulin's meticulous research, engaging writing style, and focus on the human element of warfare make this book a valuable addition to the library of anyone interested in World War II history. It challenges existing narratives and provides a fresh perspective on a pivotal moment in the conflict. As we await subsequent volumes in the series, Zamulin's work stands as a testament to the importance of understanding the planning and preparations that shaped the course of history on the Eastern Front.

Fated to Defeat: 33rd Waffen-Grenadier Division Der SS 'Charlemagne' in the Struggle for Pomerania 1945 - Lukasz Gladysiak

This review has been submitted to Strategy and Tactics Magazine.

Title: Fated to Defeat: 33rd Waffen-Grenadier Division Der SS 'Charlemagne' in the Struggle for Pomerania 1945
Author: Lukasz Gladysiak
ISBN: 978-1-912866-17-5
Publisher: Helion
Year: 2021
Softcover
Pages: 155
Photos/Maps: 55/3 

"Fated to Defeat: 33rd Waffen-Grenadier Division Der SS 'Charlemagne' in the Struggle for Pomerania 1945" offers a comprehensive and chilling account of one of the most intriguing yet lesser-known chapters of World War II. Lukasz Gladysiak delves into the history of the 33rd Waffen-Grenadier Division Der SS 'Charlemagne,' a unit composed primarily of foreign volunteers (mainly French) who fought under the banner of the SS from inception in 1942 through to the final days of the war. In this meticulously researched book, Gladysiak presents a detailed narrative of the division's involvement in the Battle of Pomerania, shedding light on the motivations, struggles, and fate of these soldiers.

Gladysiak's narrative skillfully weaves together the geopolitical context, personal testimonies, and military strategies that shaped the division's journey. He provides readers with a vivid depiction of the chaotic and desperate circumstances that characterized the Eastern Front in 1945. The author's attention to detail is evident in his exploration of the division's multinational composition, as volunteers from various countries, including France, Belgium, and Scandinavia, were drawn to the allure of Nazi ideology. These individual stories are juxtaposed with the broader military operations, offering a balanced perspective on the human experiences within the larger context of the war.

One of the strengths of this book lies in its objective and unflinching portrayal of the division's actions. Gladysiak does not shy away from depicting the atrocities committed by the 33rd Waffen-Grenadier Division, making it clear that this unit was far from an honorable group of soldiers. This critical approach adds a layer of nuance to the narrative, challenging any romanticized notions that may have persisted about the division's role in history. The approach also provides context as to the motivation behind why so many Western European’s volunteered to fight for the Germans against what was perceived to be the scourge of Bolshevism.

Furthermore, Gladysiak's analysis of the division's strategic impact on the Battle of Pomerania is commendable. He skillfully dissects the division's successes and failures, examining how its presence affected the overall outcome of the battle and the wider war effort. By exploring the division's interactions with both the Allies and the Soviet forces, the book offers insights into the complex web of alliances and betrayals that marked the closing stages of the conflict. Additionally, the book facilitates a deeper appreciation of what motivated the Unit to continue fighting right through to the bitter battle of Berlin where it met its final demise.

"Fated to Defeat" is not without its limitations however, the historical context and military terminology may be challenging for readers lacking a more in-depth knowledge of World War II history. The book does, however, provide valuable insights into the experiences of individual soldiers, providing detailed  precis of the paths that some individual soldiers followed leading up to their involvement with the 33^rd. Readers will appreciate these in-depth personal narratives in enhancing the appreciation of the experiences of these men.

In conclusion, Lukasz Gladysiak's "Fated to Defeat: 33rd Waffen-Grenadier Division Der SS 'Charlemagne' in the Struggle for Pomerania 1945" is a thought-provoking and meticulously researched account of a controversial and little-known chapter of World War II. By delving into the motivations, actions, and outcomes of the 33rd Waffen-Grenadier Division, Gladysiak offers a balanced and critical examination of the division's role in the Battle of Pomerania. This book serves as a valuable addition to the existing literature on World War II, shedding light on the complexities of wartime ideologies, alliances, and the human experiences that shaped history's darkest moments.

Meat Grinder: The Battles for the Rzhev Salient 1942-43 - Prit Buttar

This review has been submitted to the British Army Review.

Title: Meat Grinder: The Battles for the Rzhev Salient 1942-43
Author: Prit Buttar
ISBN: 978-1-4728-5181-9
Publisher: Osprey
Year: 2022
Hardcover
Pages: 464
Photos/Maps: 38/17

"Meat Grinder" by Prit Buttar is a meticulously researched and compelling account of the Eastern Front during World War II. Spanning from November 1942 to March 1943, the book delves deep into the four campaigns waged by the Soviets in an effort to dislodge the Germans from their salient, highlighting the immense human cost and operational complexities of the conflict. With a comprehensive analysis of the military tactics, political maneuvers, and personal stories of soldiers on both sides, Buttar offers readers a gripping and harrowing portrayal of one of the most significant, but little known, campaigns of the Eastern Front war.

One of the notable strengths of "Meat Grinder" is Buttar's ability to provide a balanced narrative that gives equal attention to both the Soviet and German perspectives. By examining the decision-making processes of both sides, the author offers valuable insights into the motivations and challenges faced by the commanders and soldiers. Buttar's meticulous attention to detail and extensive use of primary sources, including diaries, letters, and official documents, adds a layer of authenticity to the narrative, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of the realities of war.

Moreover, Buttar's writing style is engaging and accessible, making complex military strategies and maneuvers understandable for readers with varying levels of knowledge on the subject. The author excels at breaking down grand strategy into individual battles and engagements, vividly describing the tactical decisions made by commanders and the impact they had on the overall campaign. This approach keeps the readers engaged throughout the book and enhances their understanding of the broader context within which these battles took place.

Buttar also excels in capturing the human side of the conflict. By weaving in personal anecdotes and experiences of soldiers from both sides, he humanizes the war, bringing to life the individuals who fought and sacrificed in these grueling campaigns. From the desperate struggles for survival to the acts of heroism and camaraderie amidst the chaos, these personal stories evoke a sense of empathy and make the reader emotionally invested in the outcome of the battles.

Another notable aspect of "Meat Grinder" is the author's exploration of the role that the personality of Marshal Zhukov (the senior Soviet commander) played in the continuing efforts of the Soviet Forces to dislodge the Germans, despite losses that eventually exceeded over two million dead, wounded and missing, for dubious returns. Buttar effectively demonstrates how the immense resources and manpower dedicated to the Rzhev Salient significantly affected Soviet operations elsewhere on the Eastern Front. Conversely, by diverting Soviet forces and drawing them into a series of protracted and costly conflicts, the Germans were able to stabilize the Central Front, despite significant losses of their own. This analysis offers a fresh understanding of the importance of the campaigns and challenges conventional Stalingrad centric narratives.

However, one slight challenge of the book is its dense and detailed nature. While the extensive research is commendable, at times, the sheer amount of information presented can be overwhelming. Some readers who are less familiar with the Eastern Front might find it challenging to keep track of the numerous battles, locations, and individuals discussed in the narrative. Nevertheless, the book provides a comprehensive glossary and maps that aid in navigation and understanding.

In conclusion, "Meat Grinder" by Prit Buttar is an exceptional work that sheds light on the oft overlooked Rzhev Salient battles that easily matched in intensity but dwarfed in scope the much better known Stalingrad offensive to the south. With its meticulous research, balanced perspective, and engaging narrative style, the book offers a comprehensive and insightful account of the brutal battles fought between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. By capturing the human experiences within the larger context of military strategy and political maneuvering, Buttar delivers a captivating and thought-provoking read that will appeal to both history enthusiasts and general readers alike.

Last Panzer Battles in Hungary Spring 1945 - Norbert Szamveber

This review has been submitted to Iron Cross magazine. 

Title: Last Panzer Battles in Hungary Spring 1945
Author: Norbert Szamveber
ISBN: 978-6-155-58329-2
Publisher: Peko Publishing
Year: 2020
Hardcover
Pages: 487
Photos/Maps: 22/48

"Last Panzer Battles in Hungary" is a gripping and meticulously researched account of the final tank battles fought by German and Hungarian forces against the Soviet juggernaut during World War II. This book delves into the lesser-known theater of war in Hungary, shedding light on the last valiant struggles of the Panzer divisions against the advancing Soviet forces. With its vivid narrative, comprehensive analysis, and insightful commentary, "Last Panzer Battles in Hungary" provides an engrossing portrayal of the desperate battles that unfolded in the waning months of the war.

Szamveber starts by setting the stage, providing essential historical context to understand the significance of the battles that took place in Hungary. He outlines the strategic importance of Hungary as a vital logistical hub and the fierce determination of both sides to control this key territory. The author effectively captures the atmosphere of the time, illustrating the precarious situation faced by the Axis forces and the overwhelming strength of the Soviet Red Army.

One of the book's greatest strengths is its meticulous research and detailed analysis. Szamveber draws on a wide range of primary sources, including firsthand accounts, archival records, and military reports, to construct a comprehensive and accurate narrative. He deftly weaves together the perspectives of commanders, tank crews, infantrymen, and civilians, painting a multifaceted picture of the events and the human toll they exacted. Included in the work are comprehensive Operational tables outlining combat losses, available armoured assets and unit strengths for each of the opposing forces.

The heart of the book lies in its vivid descriptions of the battles themselves. The author skillfully describes the movements of tanks, the ebb and flow of the engagements, and the challenges faced by both sides. The tactical analysis is insightful, offering readers a deeper understanding of the strategies employed and the impact they had on the outcome of each battle. From the desperate efforts to relieve Budapest to the decisive clashes along the Danube River and culminating in the advance on Vienna the author's account provides the readers with a deeply immersive sense of the fighting.

In addition to the military aspects, "Last Panzer Battles in Hungary" excels in portraying the human stories that unfolded amidst the chaos of war. By incorporating personal anecdotes and recollections, Szamveber humanizes the soldiers and civilians involved, allowing readers to empathize with their experiences and sacrifices. The emotional impact of these personal accounts adds depth and resonance to the overall narrative.

The book is enriched by a wealth of maps, photographs, and tables. These visual aids help readers visualize the terrain, troop movements, and the devastating impact of the battles. The inclusion of detailed maps provides clarity, ensuring that readers can follow the events with ease. The visual elements enhance the reading experience and further contribute to the book's overall comprehensiveness.

The author presents a balanced perspective of the conflict, examining the strengths and weaknesses of both sides without bias. The author avoids sensationalism or exaggeration and presents a nuanced view of the fighting. Through this approach, he encourages readers to develop their own understanding of the events while acknowledging the immense challenges faced by the Axis forces as they fought against overwhelming odds.

"Last Panzer Battles in Hungary" is an exceptional work of historical literature that sheds light on a critical but often overlooked chapter of World War II. Norbert Szamveber’s meticulous research, compelling storytelling, and insightful analysis bring the battles to life, capturing both the grandeur and the human tragedy of war. This book is an invaluable resource for military history enthusiasts and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the final desperate struggles on the Eastern Front.

The 7th Guards Army form Kursk to Prague 1943-1945 - Dann Falk

 This review has been submitted to Iron Cross magazine.

Title: The 7th Guards Army form Kursk to Prague 1943-1945
Author: Dann Falk
ISBN: 978-1-732-60742-2
Publisher: Falken Books
Year: 2022
Softcover
Pages: 547
Photos/Maps: 56/77 

Much has been written at the macro-level about operations on the Eastern Front during WW2. Dann Falk has uniquely decided to focus his efforts on the operational history of the 7^th Guards Army (formally the 64^th Army) and, in this second installment, traces its activities from Stalingrad to the end of the war in Prague. Due to its stellar performance in defence of the southern region around Stalingrad, it was one of only 11 Infantry Armies and 5 Tank Armies that would receive the Guards designation from Stalin throughout the war. 

Falk’s approach to writing entails a daily synopsis of the activities of the Combined Arms Infantry Army, challenges that it faced and the efforts of the Germans on those days to counter the Soviet maneuvers. Thus it is that each day provides a unique snapshot of the Eastern Front within an ongoing narrative. Falk’s research is phenomenal and the level of detail both in terms of personnel and equipment as well as activities is noteworthy. In addition, he weaves accounts of specific elements of the adversaries (such as logistics, women in combat, operational environments and personal anecdotal narrative) that add depth and complexity to the account. 

Particular consideration needs to be paid to the high quality of the charts and maps provided by the author as references to the narrative; each was drawn and drafted by the author. Thus, unlike many histories of the region that use original German or Soviet maps that, while interesting, are, in many cases, of limited value due to their language and complexity, the maps provided by Falk are clear, easy to follow and provide excellent references to actions within the storyline. The charts that he developed present an excellent synopsis of different aspects of the book being discussed; particularly those of the conclusion at the end of the book that provide first-rate summaries of pan war achievements of the 7^th Army as well as available Soviet forces for ongoing operations should that have been necessary. 

Falk has drafted a brilliant, yet highly readable, account of the exploits of this superb fighting Army. His attention to detail is impressive and his research comprehensive; however, these aspects of the book do not prevent the reader from appreciating the full spectrum of experiences associated with the complexity of operations on the eastern Front. His anecdotal style and operational assessments serve to highlight the continuing professional development of the Army in terms of joint competency as the War progressed. The author does not hesitate to present an unvarnished account, at the personal level, of the humour, tragedy, and brutality of the conflict from both the German and Soviet perspectives with a strong emphasis on the latter. This work is a nuanced and very balanced assessment of the Soviet forces covering the spectrum of operational and logistical support elements in equal measure. 

The quality of the publication is excellent, the font easy to read and the layout of the book clear and concise. Falk has provided an extremely comprehensive bibliography that gives the reader the opportunity to follow up through a myriad of primary and secondary sources. This book is an outstanding source for those who are either serious WW2 bibliophiles or casual historians.

Fortress Budapest Vol 1 and 2: The Siege of the Hungarian Capital 1944-45 - Kamen Nevenkin

This review has been submitted to the Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research

Title: Fortress Budapest Vol 1 and 2: The Siege of the Hungarian Capital 1944-45
Author: Kamen Nevenkin
ISBN: 978-615-80072-5-2
Publisher: PeKo Publishing
Year: 2020
Hardcover
Pages: 1107 Vol 1, 467 Vol 2
Photos/Maps: Vol 2 is all maps and photographs

Periodically one comes across a work of such depth and detail that it must surely be immediately ranked as the standard operational and tactical analysis of a particular event available to historians and military enthusiasts. These books by Bulgarian historian Nevenkin fall into that category. The authors lens encapsulates the entire 108 day campaign by the Soviets to seal off and capture the Hungarian capital of Budapest; transitioning from the macro level to the micro as he focuses upon the 50 days of fighting within the city itself. His narrative seamlessly swings from the Soviets to the Hungarian and German defenders who had turned the city into a fortress of hardpoints and mutually supporting gun positions. Caught between these forces were the civilians, desperate to escape and survive.

Nevenkin was able to draw upon previously unavailable primary source material from Russian and Hungarian archives to augment those from the German military. This has facilitated a level of detail, from multiple perspectives, formally impossible in his discussion of the unfolding combat; of particular note, the author has combined period photographs and maps to recreate visual representations of strongpoints within the city, including arcs of fire for artillery, machine gun and anti-tank nests, right down to the individual city block. In addition to providing the reader with a street level appreciation of the nature of the fighting, he has also provided an unprecedented level of visual detail, at the tactical level, of the complexity of fighting in built up areas. 

Interspersed within the narrative are hundreds of recollections by the officers and soldiers participating in the brutal fighting around and within Budapest. These stories serve to add a more personal sheen to the discussion of unit movement and engagements, serving to remind the reader that behind the words and numbers are real human beings, dying and being wounded in their thousands. Certainly, one is struck by the mass that the Soviets were able to bring to the fight in terms of both men and material. However, it is not only this that stands out; Eastern Front historians will note the progress made by the Soviets in combined arms attacks at the tactical and operational levels as well as the significant improvement in their strategic orchestration at the Corps, Army and Front levels. It is evident that Axis troops still maintained a clear superiority in terms of leadership, soldier skills and equipment; but the gap was noticeably closing. It is also obvious that, whatever delta remained between the Soviet and Axis forces, this was further diminished by the growing material imbalance between the forces engaged. 

It is insightful to note that as the ring closed and tightened around Budapest, the Axis leadership resorted to more and more desperate measures to keep the trapped forces resupplied. Bombers, gliders and transport aircraft were all used to deliver supplies; Nevenkin’s discussion of these efforts is both detailed and very engaging as he draws upon the journals and diaries of aircrew involved in these efforts. It is also indicative of the continued effectiveness of the Luftwaffe at this late point in the war (late 44-Jan 45). 

This two volume set on the battles leading up to investment of Budapest, the siege and ultimate capture of the city and the attempted breakout by Axis forces, may easily be considered to be the seminal work on this event. The level of detail, the seamless incorporation of first person accounts, the research and reproduction of maps and photographs all serve to emphasize the incredible level of research and work of history that the author has produced. This book is not for the casual reader, although the style of writing makes it more than accessible, but rather, fulfils the dual role of outstanding historical resource and battle study superbly. It is also important to note that while this book is an analysis of the combat raging around and within the Hungarian Capital, it is also built upon a foundation of the storied history between Hungary and its eastern neighbours. The author is to be commended for an excellent work and Peko Publishing for their continued superb quality of production.

Panzers on the Vistula: Retreat and Route in East Prussia 1945 - Hans Schaufler

This review has been submitted to War History Online.

Title: Panzers on the Vistula: Retreat and Route in East Prussia 1945
Author: Hans Schaufler
ISBN: 978-1-526-73431-0
Publisher: Pen and Sword
Year: 2018
Hardcover
Pages: 139
Photos/Maps: 42/6

The author served as a member of the 4^th Panzer Division from 1939-1945. Commencing his career as soldier, he finished the war as a 2^nd Lieutenant and signals officer for Panzer Regiment 35 of the 4^th Panzer. This autobiography of his experiences commences in the dying days of the war as 4^th Panzer grapples with the Soviets during the three battles of the Kurland Pocket (encompassing the Baltic region of Latvia). These battles, running from October 1944 until early January, 1945 culminated in 4^th Panzer being evacuated by sea to the port of Danzig where the main narrative of the book begins. The author establishes himself as a thoughtful and insightful observer, well placed to present the reader with a strong sense of the environment within which he carried out his duties. 

The discussion of the fighting in the Danzig region is of particular note for a number of reasons. As the situation for the Germans continued to deteriorate, Shaufler notes the difference between units that maintain their discipline (such as his) and those that fracture. He discusses at some length the impact that leadership and unit pride has on continued cohesion and effectiveness, even in the face of catastrophe. Additionally, one is struck by the ability of the Germans to continue to logistically support their forces. While it was getting more difficult to maintain effective supply lines, Schaufler remarks repeatedly on how they were able to overcome. Given the pressure from the Soviet forces, the reinforcement of the Regiment with 27 new panther tanks in late February, 1945 serves as a good example. 

The book is not limited to discussion of the military elements of the author’s experiences. He highlights at length about the impact upon the non-combatant population of the fighting. As the Danzig region was cut off from a land route back to Germany by the Soviet forces, the civilian population became more desperate for a way out. Refugees clogging the roads impacted the ability of German forces to move throughout the region. Also, the limited naval support available to carry people and equipment out, had to be balanced between military forces critical to the ongoing defence of Germany, and the civilian population trapped within the pocket. Typical of the tragedy of this time was the sinking of the Goya, a liner, that was evacuating 7000 civilians and soldiers out of the Danzig area. The author narrowly missed being a passenger but lost hundreds of his comrades when a submarine sunk the ship on 16 April, 1945. Only 137 people were rescued. 

The story that the author relates regarding his and a few of his comrades, eventual escape back to Germany via a small watercraft following the cessation of hostilities on May 8, 1945, is an adventure in itself. His description of the chaos, luck and determination to return to Germany proper is an excellent synopsis of the desperation and anarchy evident in Central Europe as the war came to a close. He has also included first person accounts of those soldiers who escaped to Sweden only to be turned over to the Soviets months after the war was over as well as those who did not escape and were interred for years in Soviet prisons. 

Overall a very interesting and engaging read. This is a tactical, street level perspective on the closing days of the war and its immediate aftermath. While there are no references provided, the author presents a passionate and insightful account of his and his comrades’ experiences.

Retribution: The Soviet Reconquest of Western Ukraine, 1943-44 - Prit Buttar

This review has been submitted to Iron Cross Magazine. 

Title: Retribution: The Soviet Reconquest of Western Ukraine, 1943-44
Author: Prit Buttar
ISBN: 978-1-4728-3532-1
Publisher: Osprey Publishing
Year: 2019
Softcover
Pages: 472

Retribution follows as the fourth book in the author’s World War 2 Eastern Front series. Picking up the narrative following the climactic Battle of Kursk, the author details the gradual withdrawal of the German forces back towards the western edge of the Ukraine. Despite continued superior German tactical skill and equipment, it was evident that Soviet tactical and operational competence were steadily improving. Regardless of desperate German resistance and their success at blunting many of the Soviet drives, German forces were gradually but inexorably being worn down by the unremitting Soviet pressure. Hampered by Hitler’s micromanagement and ‘not one step back’ orders, German commanders struggled to maintain operational cohesion. Nevertheless, through the use of ‘fire-brigade’ mobile forces and the selective ignoring of Hitler’s orders, the Germans were able to avoid the destruction of their depleted, but still intact, armies as the they fell back towards the Ukrainian border. Such was the depth of Soviet strength that even the significant natural barriers of the Dniepr and the Donets rivers proved insufficient to halt them. Ultimately, it was the reality of extended lines of logistics and the massive loss of men and material that led to the halt of the westward drive of the Soviets and allowed the Germans a respite within which to regroup. 

The authors weaving of individual experiences and stories, from both sides of the conflict, into the greater narrative lends both depth and a human element to his work. The reader is able to appreciate that behind the units and causality lists, there are individuals who were experiencing a degree of drama that truly beggars the imagination. It is this skill that sets this author’s work apart from many of the more academic works of operational analysis that have been written about World War 2. Additionally, one is better able to appreciate the true vastness and complexity of the operations taking place; what has to happen to ensure the continued forward drive of the frontline units, how are commanders able to manage millions of soldiers and their equipment across thousands of kilometers of battleground and a myriad of other trials to be overcome. The ability of the author to capture the essence of these types of questions and be able to give the reader a small sense of the pressure and challenge experienced daily by the soldiers and officers involved is truly noteworthy. 

Included in this work are a series of excellent maps and notes as well as a comprehensive bibliography. For lovers of military history, military professionals from both an operational and support background, and students of the art of war, this work is an outstanding addition to anyone’s library and professional development reading list. Buttar is to be commended on another outstanding contribution to the history of a theatre of war that has not had the attention that it deserves.

General Erich Hoepner: A Military Biography - W Chales de Beaulieu translated by Linden Lyons

This review has been submitted to Iron Cross Magazine. 

Title: General Erich Hoepner: A Military Biography
Author: W Chales de Beaulieu trans Linden Lyons
ISBN: 978-1-612-00976-6
Publisher: Casemate Publishing
Year: 2021
Hardcover
Pages: 252
Photos/Maps: 2/4 

De Beaulieu served as Hoepner’s first general staff officer during his campaign in Poland (1939) and then as his Chief of Staff during Hoepner’s campaigns in France and Russia. He therefore gained a deep insight and appreciation of both the personality and leadership style of this superb officer and panzer commander. Erich Hoepner’s career was characterized by his unwavering loyalty to the soldiers under his command, his duty to his country and the dictates of his conscience. Thus it was that he fulfilled the former with an aficionado’s skill in leading his panzers to Prague, Warsaw, Leningrad and the gates of Moscow and the latter by sacrificing his career for the welfare of his men before Moscow and his life in an effort to rid his country of Hitler. 

The author examens each of Hoepner’s campaigns individually by chapter. His focus is not simply upon the physical execution of the operations themselves but also the influence and affect of Hoepner’s personality on both the battlespace and the execution of his orders. De Beaulieu is a great admirer of Hoepners and this comes across in his evaluations; however, he is not an impartial sycophant. He is, for the most part, quite balanced in his assessment of Hoepner’s decisions; for example he discusses at some length the challenges that Hoepner faced during his drive into Belgium and makes note of errors made during the critical encounter with the Allies during the initial assault of the Dyle Line. Conversely, the author is too generous in his praise of German success against the French Cavalry Corps during the Battle of Hannut. While Hoepner prevailed in the battle, he did not succeed in destroying the French, enabling them to fight another day before Dunkirk. 

Along with Guderian, Hoepner was one of the very early proponents of an independent, self contained Panzer arm capable of deep, dramatic drives into the rear echelons of the enemy. He viewed this as the best way to unbalance and, more importantly, maintain the unbalance, of his adversaries. The author’s analysis of Hoepners drive towards Leningrad serve as perhaps the penultimate example of the effective operational use of the Panzer Arm in the hands of an expert at the peak of his prowess. 

The narrative of the book focuses upon Hoepner as leader and commander and the operational role that his forces undertook in the campaigns presented. The writing style and flow of the author makes for an easy grasp of the context. The work is lacking in sufficient maps that would have greatly facilitated the following of the operations as they unfolded. Although the narrative does give the reader a definite appreciation of the challenges of the terrain, distances, enemy forces and logistics that needed to be overcome, additional maps would have been very useful. The author undertakes, throughout the book, to present Hoepner as a real person, complete with flaws and errors. It is through this lens that the true strengths of Hoepner as both a military professional and quintessential leader are actually emphasized. That Hoepner is an exceptional commander and leader is beyond question; however, it is his willingness to assume responsibility for his decisions, despite the potential consequences, that serves to separate him from an already deep bench of competency. His actions before Moscow in January, 1942 and his willingness to support the July Plot against Hitler (for which he was tried and executed) are evidence of his moral strength and sound ethical grounding.  

The translation from the original German is excellent and there are ample footnotes that serve to expand upon more complicated portions of the operational narrative. Casemate has published a book of high quality. I would strongly recommend this work both as a reference for German operations from the period 1939-1941 and as an excellent study of a lesser known but equally impressive German Officer and Commander.

The Reckoning: The Defeat of Army Group South, 1944 - Prit Buttar

This review was submitted to Soldier Magazine. 

Title: The Reckoning: The Defeat of Army Group South, 1944
Author: Prit Buttar
ISBN: 978-1-4728-3791-2
Publisher: Osprey Publishing
Year: 2020
Hardcover
Pages: 496
Photos/Maps: 34/29 

The Reckoning continues Buttar’s outstanding series on the titanic struggle on the Eastern Front in WW2. A consummate master at the art of bridging historical analysis with riveting prose, the author addresses not only the events leading up to the defeat of the Axis in the South, but also the misconceptions surrounding the capabilities of Germany’s Allies and their Soviet adversaries. Conventional wisdom has not given these groups enough credit regarding their effectiveness and development; Buttar’s work goes a long way in addressing this. A comprehensive bibliography and notes section rounds out this book. Very highly recommended.

  

Armoured Warfare in the Battle for Budapest - Norbert Szamveber

 This review has been submitted to Military History Online

Title: Armoured Warfare in the Battle for Budapest
Author: Norbert Szamveber
ISBN: 978-615-5583-09-4
Publisher: Peko Books
Year: 2018
Hardcover
Pages: 879
Photos/Maps: 0/48 

As 1944 drew to a close, the Soviet forces encompassing the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts, were driving on Budapest in an effort to knock Hungary out of the war. Commencing their offensive in October, 1944, the Russians ran into motivated and prepared Axis forces (primarily German and Hungarian), whose efforts ground down the anticipated quick drive into Hungary into a grinding slug match that lasted for more than three months before Budapest was finally surrounded. The Panzer and panzergrenadier units drew upon their deep experience to fight an effective delaying combat. The author is a historian and author of great repute in this period of the Second World War and has drafted a number of books relating specifically to Hungarian participation and armoured combat. This contribution traces the first phase of the Soviet Budapest operations; drawing upon mainly archival sources and primary source material from Russian, German and Hungarian sources.

The work itself is a daunting tome and not for the faint of heart. The 65 days of the campaign leading up to the encirclement of Budapest, is divided into into four distinct phases. Each day of the campaign is presented in an identical manner. The ten (average) pages of text explaining the events of the day each commences with the weather and temperature. Interspersed within the discussion are recollections drawn from diaries and letters relating individual experiences from the different adversaries. The challenge for the reader is the author’s emphasis on the tactical and operational focus of his narrative. A stupendous amount of information is presented but it is difficult to view it in context as there is no opportunity provided to take a strategic perspective of the front. Coloured maps are provided together at the rear of the book but none provide the ‘big picture’. The maps relate to tactical encounters described within the narrative and are of excellent quality but would have been of better utility co-located with the discussion itself. Additionally, nowhere in the narrative is there a connection made to a specific map; and certainly the lack of an overall front map is a drawback. The author also makes use of a plethora of sources and his footnotes denote a variety of primary and secondary references. Interestingly however, he provides no overall bibliography or index at the back of the book. 

Despite the above observations, this is a book of noteworthy quality and depth. The research behind the narrative is among the most comprehensive in English relating to this campaign. Following the completion of the daily entries, the author presents over seventy pages of tables on equipment, personal and armoured fighting vehicle stats. He also presents five essays on various elements of the campaign including command and control, units, and equipment of the opposing forces. These are not a dry rendition of statistics but are in fact the author’s analysis of these critical elements of the campaign.

Peko has published a book of very high quality; any student or historian interested in the Eastern Front would be well served to expand their library with a copy of this work. Szamveber has done his subject great honour with this history. 

At War’s Summit: The Red Army and the Struggle for the Caucasus Mountains in World War II - Alexander Statiev

This review has been submitted to the RCAF Journal

Title: At War’s Summit: The Red Army and the Struggle for the Caucasus Mountains in World War II
Author: Alexander Statiev
ISBN: 978-1-108-42462-2
Publisher: Cambridge UP
Year: 2018
Hardcover
Pages: 440
Photos/Maps: 22/19

In June, 1942 the Axis powers launched Fall Blau, the southern drive to capture the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union, thereby securing the oil fields for Germany and depriving the Soviets of the southern resupply link with the West. Dividing the southern forces into Army Group’s A and B, the Axis powers initially enjoyed great success with Gp B driving towards Stalingrad and Gp A thrusting into the Transcaucasus region towards Baku. Ultimately however, the Axis overextended themselves and the Soviets were able to break the German advance at Stalingrad. Overshadowed by the disaster in Stalingrad, the efforts of Army Gp A and, more specifically, the fighting amongst the unforgiving peaks on the Transcaucus Mountain range, have been generally relegated to the back pages of history. Statiev’s book is an effort to not only rectify that shortfall but to also shed light on the numerous lessons to be gleaned from combat in the brutal high altitude mountain environment. 

While Statiev does discuss, by way of comparison, the development of mountain troops in both Russia and Germany, his focus is primarily upon the Russian perspective throughout the book. He ensures that the reader has a sound appreciation of the history of mountain operations in Russia by drawing attention to a series of past conflicts in which Russian forces were fighting in mountainous regions. He is able to convincingly prove that a plethora of information was available to the Russians regarding the unique challenges posed by altitude operations and the means to overcome them. His discussion of the popularity of the climbing during the interwar period in both Germany and Russia reinforces the fact that both countries had ample expertise to draw upon. 

Statiev comprehensive discussion/analysis of the German 49^th Mountain Corps thrust into the Caucasus Mountains in an effort to cut off the coastal region, and the Russian efforts to resist them, is remarkably engaging and educating, reflecting a writing style that captures the imagination while retaining a scholarly quality. The Russians retained all of the advantages of numbers, short lines of communication and unchallenged control of the skies. The systemic failure of the Russian leadership to properly lead, equip and train its soldiers to meet the challenges of both the Germans and the environment is all the more appalling as a result. Their approach of ‘quantity over quality’ reflects an absolute arrogance and desperation with respect to the lives of their soldiers. 

The Germans, for their part, once again gambled on the quality of their elite mountain forces to overcome their massive shortfall in numbers. The fact that they came as close as they did is indicative of the specialist nature of mountain warfare and the superiority of their leadership and training. The author’s discussion of these battles, and the unique challenges for support forces, provides the reader with a clear appreciation the successes and failures of the respective adversaries. 

Another element of the combat in this region that Statiev draws attention to is the fact that the peoples living here were not supporters of the Russian/Soviet regime. Support for the Germans was much more forthcoming then for the Russians. Efforts on behalf of both the Germans and Russians to build relationships with these groups are interesting as both sides appreciated the benefits of local knowledge and support. However, from Statiev’s research, it is evident that the Russians had ignored their opportunities until it was almost too late and that this resulted in them having a far greater challenge than the Germans in this respect. 

Statiev closes his work with a discussion of the attitude with which the Russian leadership viewed the nature of the military as a profession. Looking across the spectrum of military operations and drawing liberally from available primary sources, he reveals that, throughout the war, the Russians continuously fell back on their numbers at the expense of training. This was, to a certain extent, a result of necessity, and the gap definitely closed as the war progressed. Nevertheless, the Germans consistently were able to inflict significantly more casualties on the Russians then they took. 

The standard of this publication by the Cambridge UP is of the highest quality. Detailed maps are provided throughout that illustrate the battlefields discussed. The author provides generous endnotes and a comprehensive bibliography for further research. For those seeking fresh information about the Eastern Front, this work, highlighting a regional conflict that has heretofore received scant attention, this is an excellent source.

Island of Fire – The Battle for the Barrikady Gun Factory in Stalingrad - Jason D Mark

This review was submitted to the Canadian Army Journal.

Title: Island of Fire – The Battle for the Barrikady Gun Factory in Stalingrad

Author: Jason D Mark

ISBN: 978-0-253-35688-8

Publisher: Stackpole Books

Year: 2018

Hardcover

Pages: 641

Photos/Maps: Numerous

The Battle of Stalingrad and the effect that it had on the ongoing fighting on the Eastern Front has been exceptionally well documented. A majority of the books look at Stalingrad from the strategic and operational context; Jason Mark’s approach is different as he has taken the battle down to the tactical level and the Battalion, Company, Platoon and individual soldier perspective. By focussing on such a finite and defined area, Mark provides the reader with a very real sense of the minutia of the fighting and the mind-numbing sense of helplessness and savagery that gripped the combatants on each side.  

As with his other books, Mark has gathered a vast array of photographs from a variety of sources that, in many cases, have never been seen before. He has also created a series of maps that reflect the narrative at that point in the story. Unlike many books where the maps are centralized, these are readily accessible to the reader at the appropriate point in the narrative. Additionally, he has also found aerial reconnaissance photos from the period that he has used to develop the equivalent of today’s satellite imagery with locations marked to provide perspective.

The amount of research put into this work is phenomenal. Mark’s area of expertise is Eastern Front with an emphasis on the Stalingrad region. As with his other works, he has uncovered and included a plethora of information not found elsewhere that adds an intimacy to the narrative. What also stands out in this work is the balance between the German and Russian perspectives. Mark has not limited his focus to only the German side, which has traditionally been a shortfall in Eastern Front books, but has placed an emphasis on presenting the same level of detail from both the Russian and German views. Thus, while the reader is engaged with, for example, the German efforts to retake ‘Pavlov’s House’, a multi-story building held by a small band of Russian soldiers under Sergeant Yakov Pavlov, they are also able to read about the concurrent efforts of the Russians inside the building to retain it. This degree of detail is rare.

This book, while emphasizing the fighting for and in the region of the Barrikady Gun Factory does cover the battle of Stalingrad from start to finish. The focus is on the units engaged in the fighting in and around the Factory within the larger context of the Stalingrad operation. Broken out by day, the reader is plunged into the maelstrom along with the soldiers themselves. Rarely is a book able to convey the degree to which this small piece of hell, within the greater Stalingrad vortex, had become the crux of so many soldier’s lives.

This is a reprint of Mark’s original Leaping Horseman Publications book and the Stackpole printing, while good, is not to the original standard. Nevertheless, the quality of writing, research and presentation of Mark’s book remains. For anyone interested in Eastern Front operations with a view towards getting a deeper sense of the reality of the fighting and sacrifice made by the soldiers of both adversaries, this book is an absolute must.

The 64th Army at Stalingrad 1942-43 - Dann Falk

This review has been submitted to War History Online.

Title: The 64^th Army at Stalingrad 1942-43

Author: Dann Falk

ISBN: 978-1-732-60741-5

Publisher: Falken Books

Year: 2019

Softcover

Pages: 289

Photos/Maps: 21/32

Much has been written from the German perspective on the lead up to and the subsequent titanic struggle for the city of Stalingrad; however, Falk’s work has provided a perspective rarely presented, that of one of the Soviet Armies that faced the German onslaught. Fighting to the point of annihilation, the 64^th held the key territory south of the city and west of the Volga River, thereby ensuring that the flow of resources via that key waterway continued to get through.

The author has taken a holistic approach in his rendition of the creation and operations of the 64^th. He commences with an introduction that provides a ‘big hand/small map’ synopsis of the conduct of the Great Patriotic War; providing the reader with a comprehensive background to the environment and nature of the conflict into which the 64^th was deployed. Each following chapter commences on the first of the month and is broken into a narrative that relates key dates/events during that period. Starting on 1 December, 1941 and concluding with the month of February, 1943, they all follow the same format: a synopsis outlining its assigned Command, the Commander, Units (by element) and Strength (broken into listed combat strength and actual ration strength). This is very helpful as it enables the reader to appreciate at a glance, the real time effect of operations upon the 64^th. Following that synopsis, key events by date within the month are discussed in chronological order.

Another element of the work that is not readily found in many of the narratives of the Eastern Front is the emphasis that the author places on the logistics aspects of supporting the 64^th. He goes into great detail outlining not only the nature and scope of the daily demands required by an Army on operations but also the challenges associated with stockpiling and delivering these resources. This, while concurrently suffering from the effects of air and land interdiction by the Germans and the requirement to continuously fall back in the face of Wehrmacht offense. This approach allows those not well versed in the conduct of large scale operations to better appreciate the complexities of warfare on a scale heretofore unheard of in the annals of war.

Also included in the work are a series of unique maps created by the author. Clear and concise, they are free of much of the clag that cause many of the maps in books to be of limited or no value. The bibliography is also worthy of note as it includes extensive primary and secondary source material not only in English but also from Russian and German sources. Additionally, a broad set of endnotes adds noteworthy depth and scope to the narrative.

Overall, this is a very interesting work shedding light upon an element of Eastern Front operations rarely covered in conventional literature. Well laid out, concise and informative, it retains its interest for the reader despite the breadth of statistical information provided. It is strongly recommended both as an informative source of Soviet operations but also as an excellent counterpoint to the myriad of German work on the Eastern Front.

The First Day on the Eastern Front - Craig WH Luther

This review has been submitted to War History Online Magazine.

Title: The First Day on the Eastern Front

Author: Craig WH Luther

ISBN: 978-0-811-73780-7

Publisher: Stackpole Books

Year: 2019

Hardcover

Pages: 471

Photos/Maps: 60/18

Much has been written about the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, initiated 22 June, 1941; thus it was with some resignation that I undertook to read yet another missive on this campaign. To my great surprise and pleasure I found the work to be engrossing and easily one of the best books that I have read in recent times.

Luther has undertaken to present the reader with a comprehensive picture and an in-depth analysis of the events surrounding the first day of the invasion. He has succeeded in this endeavour magnificently. Drawing upon a vast array of primary source materials (war diaries, letters, combat reports) from both the German and Russian archives, he has crafted a book of extraordinary scope and detail.

He commences his work with a look at the planning and logistics efforts required to make Barbarossa a reality. He convincingly dispels the argument that the German attack was in fact a spoiling engagement against a Soviet intent to invade. Having said that however, there appears little doubt that Russia was building towards an ultimate clash with Germany as indicated by their military upgrading. The efficiency and capacity of the German logistics planning and execution is neatly captured, as an example of the scope of Luther’s research, by the fact that over 10,000 trains were coordinated in the move East of the German armies; all while maintaining the elements of surprise.

He then moves on to a discussion of each of the three main fronts (North, Central and Southern) as well as the Air Campaign waged the first day. In every case he seamlessly transitions between the various levels of command and adds colour to his narrative through the use of first hand material relevant to the point in question. While a majority of the discussion is focussed upon the German perspective, there is ample Soviet reference to provide for a balanced appreciation. Much of what the author has quoted will resonate with the reader, especially if they have had any military service. What stands out is the breathtaking scope and violence of the attack; the author’s use of letters, diaries and unit war diary entries inject a much more personal scope to his descriptions.

The author continually introduces elements of sober reflection into the narrative which add poignancy to the story. The impact of the attack on the Russian civilians who were caught in the maelstrom of the German attack, the ferocity of the Russian defence (as an example, the Luftwaffe lost 78 aircraft the first day, 15 of those due to ramming by Soviet aircraft), the awe inspiring opening salvo’s by the German artillery and the descent by both sides, almost immediately, into a level of brutality not witnessed on any other front serve as but a few examples.

The comprehensive bibliography and copious endnotes provide for extensive additional research and reading opportunities. Luther has included numerous maps which he refers to throughout the text. For the most part these are adequate although some are difficult to follow. Overall however, this is a superb book, full of new information that is indicative of the years of research that went into this work. An excellent reference and addition to anyone’s library.  

Miracle at the Litza: Hitler’s First Defeat on the Eastern Front - Alf R Jacobsen

This review has been submitted to the Australian Naval Institute Journal

Title: Miracle at the Litza: Hitler’s First Defeat on the Eastern Front

Author: Alf R Jacobsen

ISBN: 978-1-612-00506-5

Publisher: Casemate

Year: 2017

Hardcover

Pages: 190

Photos/Maps: 71/8

Histories of the early stages of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of Russia, traditionally focus upon the line of activities running from the Baltic to Romania and the incredible successes that the Germans enjoyed during the first six months of that campaign. Lesser known but of longer term significance was the savage and austere fighting that occurred in the high arctic on the approaches to Murmansk. Jacobsen has drawn upon primary source material from the archives of Russia, Germany, England, Norway and Finland in an effort to address this shortcoming.

The book outlines the planning and execution of the German attacks across two lines of advance, the challenges faced and why they ultimately failed. He also provides a detailed account of the Russian and English efforts at countering these attacks. Ultimately these efforts, unlike the rest of the Eastern Front, were successful and served as an excellent example of joint operational planning and execution across both service elements and between the British and Russians.

Jacobsen does a noteworthy job of analyzing why the German/Finnish forces failed and it centers upon a few key lessons:

1.    A failure of German Intelligence to accurately determine the forces both physical as well as climatic facing them across the northern approaches to Murmansk;

2.    Failure to engage with the Finns early enough to have them provide meaningful input into the planning process;

3.    Failure of relations between German strategic, operational and tactical levels of Command and a resultant loss of trust and focus;

4.    German failure to maintain the schwerepunkt of attack and the subsequent reinforcement of failure as opposed to success between the Northern and Salla approaches to Murmansk; and

5.    A dilution of limited forces across the North.

Conversely, the author’s discussion of the Allied efforts also highlights certain lessons:

1.    The critical importance of effective joint operations (in this case naval and naval air) on both morale and flexibility;

2.    Effective intelligence; both the timely interception and effective use of;

3.    Allied engagement and the challenge of the perception of help versus tangible assistance on trust and cooperation;

4.    Ensuring that the correct assets are available to provide flexible response options to local commanders (in this case naval gunfire, submarine and naval air options); and

5.    The under-rated but critical importance of dogged resilience in effective defensive operations.

Jacobsen’s analysis and presentation of this previously underrepresented aspect of Operation Barbarossa is a nuanced, balanced and thoroughly readable work. The maps provided are somewhat busy and hard to follow but provide an adequate appreciation of elevations and the challenging nature of the environment. The book closes with a synopsis/analysis of the campaign by a former head of the Norwegian Armed Forces who lends a professional soldiers perspective from one who intimately knows the ground being fought over. Highly recommended.