How Big Things Get Done: The Surprising Factors That Determine the Fate of Every Project, from Home Renovations to Space Exploration and Everything In Between - Bent Flyvbjerg and Dan Gardner

Title: How Big Things Get Done: The Surprising Factors That

Determine the Fate of Every Project, from Home Renovations to Space Exploration and Everything In Between
Author: Bent Flyvbjerg and Dan Gardner
ISBN: 978-0-77109-843-7
Publisher: Signal Press
Year: 2023
Hardcover
Pages: 304 

In his book "How Big Things Get Done," Bent Flyvbjerg takes a critical look at the process of planning and executing large-scale projects. Flyvbjerg, a renowned scholar practitioner in the field of project management, challenges conventional wisdom and presents a thought-provoking analysis of the factors that often lead to project failures. With extensive research and insightful examples, the author offers valuable lessons for both practitioners and policymakers involved in ambitious endeavors.

Flyvbjerg begins by highlighting the pervasive optimism bias that tends to permeate project planning. He argues that project promoters, driven by their desire for success, often downplay risks and overstate benefits, leading to unrealistic expectations. Through empirical evidence and case studies, Flyvbjerg demonstrates how these overly optimistic projections can result in significant cost overruns, delays, and, in some cases, complete project failures. By exposing the pitfalls of unchecked optimism, the author urges project managers to adopt a more realistic and skeptical approach to project planning.

One of the key themes in the book is the concept of "strategic misrepresentation." Flyvbjerg argues that due to political pressures and the need to secure funding, project promoters frequently engage in strategic misrepresentation, intentionally presenting a distorted view of the project's costs, benefits, and risks. The author provides numerous examples, such as the Boston's Big Dig project and the Sydney Opera House, to illustrate how these misrepresentations can have severe consequences. By shedding light on this pervasive practice, Flyvbjerg calls for greater transparency and accountability in project governance.

Throughout the book, Flyvbjerg emphasizes the importance of accurate and unbiased data in project decision-making. He criticizes the prevalent reliance on flawed cost-benefit analyses and argues for the use of more robust methods, such as reference class forecasting. This approach involves comparing a new project to similar projects from the past to obtain more reliable estimates. By advocating for evidence-based decision-making, Flyvbjerg challenges the prevalent culture of project management and provides a blueprint for improving the accuracy of project assessments.

In addition to highlighting the problems, Flyvbjerg also offers potential solutions for improving project outcomes. He suggests the establishment of an independent project review board to assess and evaluate large-scale projects. This board would be responsible for conducting unbiased analyses, providing accurate information, and ensuring that project promoters are held accountable for their claims. By proposing this mechanism, Flyvbjerg aims to counterbalance the political and economic pressures that often undermine project governance.

While "How Big Things Get Done" provides valuable insights and an emphasis into the challenges of large-scale project management, the book does identify a number of large projects that have met the triple criteria of on-time, on budget and delivering what was promised. These include examples such as the Empire State Building and a nationwide Nepalese education infrastructure project.

In conclusion, Bent Flyvbjerg's "How Big Things Get Done" offers a compelling and thought-provoking analysis of the pitfalls and shortcomings of project management. By examining the influence of optimism bias, strategic misrepresentation, and flawed decision-making processes, Flyvbjerg provides valuable lessons for anyone involved in planning and executing large-scale projects. The book's emphasis on transparency, accountability, and evidence-based decision-making makes it a timely and important contribution to the field of project management.

Crecy: Battle of the Five Kings - Michael Livingston

This review has been submitted to Military History Online 

Title: Crecy: Battle of the Five Kings
Author: Michael Livingston
ISBN: 978-1-4728-4705-8
Publisher: Osprey
Year: 2022
Hardcover
Pages: 303
Phots/Maps: 33/5

In "Crecy: Battle of the Five Kings," author Michael Livingston takes readers on a gripping journey through one of the most pivotal battles in medieval history. With meticulous research and a captivating writing style, Livingston masterfully reconstructs the Battle of Crecy, providing a vivid and detailed account of the clash between the English and French forces.

Livingston's narrative begins by setting the stage, delving into the political and military backdrop of 14th-century Europe. He skillfully navigates through the complex web of alliances, rivalries, and ambitions that shaped the events leading up to the battle. The author's ability to blend historical context with the personal stories of key figures creates a rich tapestry that engages readers from the start.

The book truly shines in its depiction of the battle itself. Livingston's descriptions are immersive and evocative, capturing the chaos and brutality of medieval warfare. From the thunderous clash of armored knights to the whistling flight of arrows, the author skillfully brings the battlefield to life, allowing readers to experience the tension and fear that gripped both sides.

One of the standout aspects of "Crecy: Battle of the Five Kings" is Livingston's attention to detail. The author's extensive research is evident in his comprehensive understanding of the weapons, tactics, and strategies employed by the opposing forces. He seamlessly blends historical accounts, primary sources, and archaeological evidence to paint a complete picture of the battle. This meticulous approach not only adds depth to the narrative but also enhances the book's credibility as a reliable historical resource.

Moreover, Livingston's exploration of the individuals involved in the conflict adds a human element to the story. By focusing on key figures such as King Edward III of England, King Philip VI of France, and the iconic English longbowmen, he provides insights into their motivations, personalities, and the impact they had on the outcome of the battle. These character-driven narratives offer a compelling contrast to the grand scale of the conflict, creating a well-rounded and engaging reading experience.

While the book excels in many areas, it occasionally becomes bogged down by excessive detail. Certain passages delve into minutiae that may overwhelm readers seeking a more streamlined narrative. Nevertheless, this level of detail will undoubtedly be appreciated by history enthusiasts who crave a more thorough examination of the battle.

In terms of structure, "Crecy: Battle of the Five Kings" is well-organized and easy to follow. The author guides readers through the chronology of events, providing clear explanations and helpful maps to aid comprehension. Additionally, the book is supplemented with stunning illustrations, photographs, and diagrams that further enhance the reading experience and aid in visualizing the battlefield.

In conclusion, Michael Livingston's "Crecy: Battle of the Five Kings" is a remarkable work that combines meticulous research, immersive storytelling, and compelling characterizations. The book provides a comprehensive and engrossing account of the Battle of Crecy, shedding light on one of the most significant conflicts of the Middle Ages. Whether you are a history aficionado or simply seeking an enthralling tale of warfare, this book is sure to captivate and educate. Livingston's expertise and passion for the subject shine through, making "Crecy" an essential addition to any history enthusiast's library.

Meat Grinder: The Battles for the Rzhev Salient 1942-43 - Prit Buttar

This review has been submitted to the British Army Review.

Title: Meat Grinder: The Battles for the Rzhev Salient 1942-43
Author: Prit Buttar
ISBN: 978-1-4728-5181-9
Publisher: Osprey
Year: 2022
Hardcover
Pages: 464
Photos/Maps: 38/17

"Meat Grinder" by Prit Buttar is a meticulously researched and compelling account of the Eastern Front during World War II. Spanning from November 1942 to March 1943, the book delves deep into the four campaigns waged by the Soviets in an effort to dislodge the Germans from their salient, highlighting the immense human cost and operational complexities of the conflict. With a comprehensive analysis of the military tactics, political maneuvers, and personal stories of soldiers on both sides, Buttar offers readers a gripping and harrowing portrayal of one of the most significant, but little known, campaigns of the Eastern Front war.

One of the notable strengths of "Meat Grinder" is Buttar's ability to provide a balanced narrative that gives equal attention to both the Soviet and German perspectives. By examining the decision-making processes of both sides, the author offers valuable insights into the motivations and challenges faced by the commanders and soldiers. Buttar's meticulous attention to detail and extensive use of primary sources, including diaries, letters, and official documents, adds a layer of authenticity to the narrative, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of the realities of war.

Moreover, Buttar's writing style is engaging and accessible, making complex military strategies and maneuvers understandable for readers with varying levels of knowledge on the subject. The author excels at breaking down grand strategy into individual battles and engagements, vividly describing the tactical decisions made by commanders and the impact they had on the overall campaign. This approach keeps the readers engaged throughout the book and enhances their understanding of the broader context within which these battles took place.

Buttar also excels in capturing the human side of the conflict. By weaving in personal anecdotes and experiences of soldiers from both sides, he humanizes the war, bringing to life the individuals who fought and sacrificed in these grueling campaigns. From the desperate struggles for survival to the acts of heroism and camaraderie amidst the chaos, these personal stories evoke a sense of empathy and make the reader emotionally invested in the outcome of the battles.

Another notable aspect of "Meat Grinder" is the author's exploration of the role that the personality of Marshal Zhukov (the senior Soviet commander) played in the continuing efforts of the Soviet Forces to dislodge the Germans, despite losses that eventually exceeded over two million dead, wounded and missing, for dubious returns. Buttar effectively demonstrates how the immense resources and manpower dedicated to the Rzhev Salient significantly affected Soviet operations elsewhere on the Eastern Front. Conversely, by diverting Soviet forces and drawing them into a series of protracted and costly conflicts, the Germans were able to stabilize the Central Front, despite significant losses of their own. This analysis offers a fresh understanding of the importance of the campaigns and challenges conventional Stalingrad centric narratives.

However, one slight challenge of the book is its dense and detailed nature. While the extensive research is commendable, at times, the sheer amount of information presented can be overwhelming. Some readers who are less familiar with the Eastern Front might find it challenging to keep track of the numerous battles, locations, and individuals discussed in the narrative. Nevertheless, the book provides a comprehensive glossary and maps that aid in navigation and understanding.

In conclusion, "Meat Grinder" by Prit Buttar is an exceptional work that sheds light on the oft overlooked Rzhev Salient battles that easily matched in intensity but dwarfed in scope the much better known Stalingrad offensive to the south. With its meticulous research, balanced perspective, and engaging narrative style, the book offers a comprehensive and insightful account of the brutal battles fought between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. By capturing the human experiences within the larger context of military strategy and political maneuvering, Buttar delivers a captivating and thought-provoking read that will appeal to both history enthusiasts and general readers alike.

Strike from the Sea - The Development and Deployment of Strategic Cruise Missiles Since 1934 - Norman Polmar and John O’Connell

This review has been submitted to the Canadian Naval Review

Title: Strike from the Sea - The Development and Deployment of Strategic Cruise Missiles Since 1934
Author: Norman Polmar and John O’Connell
ISBN: 978-1-68247-389-4
Publisher: Naval Institute Press
Year: 2020
Hardcover
Pages: 217
Photos/Tables: 77/10 

In "Strike From the Sea: The Development and Deployment of Strategic Cruise Missiles since 1934," esteemed naval historians Norman Polmar and John O’Connell delve into the fascinating history of cruise missiles and their significant impact on modern warfare. This comprehensive and meticulously researched book provides a thorough examination of the development, deployment, and strategic implications of cruise missiles over nearly a century.

The author’s expertise shines through in their masterful storytelling, as they take readers on a captivating journey through the evolution of cruise missile technology. Starting from their conceptualization in the early 1930s, Polmar and O’Connell chronicle the key milestones, breakthroughs, and challenges that have shaped these formidable weapons. Their attention to detail and ability to explain complex technical concepts in a reader-friendly manner make this book accessible to both military enthusiasts and general readers alike.

One of the book's strengths is its historical context. The authors delve into the geopolitical climate of each era, shedding light on the motivations behind the development and deployment of cruise missiles. They explore how these weapons became integral components of various military strategies, particularly during World War II, the Cold War, and beyond. Through detailed case studies and analysis, they conclusively demonstrate the significant influence that cruise missiles have had on shaping military doctrines and global power dynamics.

Furthermore, Polmar and O’Connell present a balanced perspective on the strategic implications of cruise missiles. They discuss in detail their advantages and limitations, as well as their role in deterring conflicts and projecting military power. The authors examine the impact of cruise missiles on naval warfare, highlighting their ability to strike targets from great distances with precision and their potential to reduce risks to human life. However, they also underscore the ethical and strategic dilemmas associated with their use, particularly in the context of civilian casualties and arms control agreements.

The author’s writing style is engaging, and their meticulous research is evident throughout the book. They draw from a vast array of sources, including declassified government documents, interviews with military personnel, and technical reports, to provide a comprehensive and authoritative account. The inclusion of numerous photographs, diagrams, and maps further enhances the reader's understanding and adds depth to the narrative.

If there is a minor criticism, it would be that some sections of the book may become overly technical for readers with limited prior knowledge of military technology. However, Polmar and O’Connell's efforts to simplify complex concepts and provide ample explanations largely mitigate this concern, ensuring that the book remains accessible to a wide audience.

In conclusion, "Strike From the Sea: The Development and Deployment of Strategic Cruise Missiles since 1934" is an impressive and invaluable contribution to the field of naval history. The author’s deep understanding of the subject matter, coupled with an engaging writing style, makes this book a compelling read for anyone interested in the evolution of modern warfare. From military historians to defense analysts, this comprehensively researched account offers an illuminating exploration of the strategic significance and technological advancements surrounding cruise missiles throughout history.